Nigeria is a “first to file” jurisdiction, which means that trademark registration is mandatory to be granted rights over a trademark. Only in some exceptional cases can an unregistered trademark be protected.
To obtain protection, trademark applications must be filed with the Trademarks, Patents and Designs Registry of the Federal Ministry of Trade and Investment.
It is not necessary for the trademark to be in use in Nigeria in order to be registered. However, prior use may be useful, as it can help overcome an objection based on lack of distinctiveness by showing that the mark has acquired distinctiveness through use.
If you register a combined trademark (with both word and figurative elements) in Nigeria, the exclusive right to use the mark is limited to the exact configuration in which it was filed and registered. If you wish to use the word element separately from the logo (or vice versa), it is recommended to file another trademark covering only the word or only the figurative elements you wish to protect separately.